Grade 6 Social Studies Unit Plans for the Year 2018-2019
The Eastern Hemisphere
Generally the Eastern Hemisphere includes most of Africa, all of Asia and Australia/Oceania, and most of Europe.
Unit 1: Introduction to the Eastern Hemisphere
Topic 1: A Geographer’s World
This topic focuses on the field of geography, the study of the world’s people, and places. It also focuses on why people study geography and how they organize their studies.
Content
- Studying Geography
- Geography Themes and Essential Elements
- The Branches of Geography
Students will learn that
- 1. Geography is the study of the world, its people, and the landscapes they create. 2. Geographers look at the world in many different ways. 3. Maps and other tools help geographers study the planet.
- 1. The five themes of geography help us organize our studies of the world. 2. The six essential elements of geography highlight some of the subject’s most important ideas.
- 1. Physical geography is the study of landforms, water bodies, and other physical features. 2. Human geography focuses on people, their cultures, and the landscapes they create. 3. Other branches of geography examine specific aspects of the physical or human world.
- geography -landscape -social science -region -map -globe
- absolute location -relative location -environment
- physical geography -human geography -meteorology
Topic 2: The Eastern Hemisphere
This topic focuses on the Eastern Hemisphere, which includes half of the planet. It also focuses on where the Eastern Hemisphere is located, how water affects life there, and how its various landforms were created.
Content
- Location
- Water Features
- The Land
Students will learn that
- 1. Geographers use directions and longitude to define the Eastern Hemisphere. 2. The characteristics of the Eastern Hemisphere reflect its great diversity.
- 1. Salt water and freshwater make up Earth’s water supply. 2. In the water cycle, water circulates from Earth’s surface to the atmosphere and back again. 3. Water plays an important role in people’s lives.
- 1. Earth’s surface is covered by many different landforms. 2. Forces below Earth’s surface build up our landforms. 3. Forces on the planet’s surface shape Earth’s landforms. 4. Landforms influence people’s lives and culture.
- latitude -longitude -culture -culture -democracy -developed country -developing country
- freshwater –glacier -surface water -precipitation -groundwater -water vapor -water cycle -drought
- landforms -continents -plate tectonics -earthquake -weathering -erosion
Topic 3: Climate and Resources of the Eastern Hemisphere
This topic focuses on weather and climate. Climate is the weather conditions over a long period of time. It also focuses on the importance of Earth’s natural resources.
Content
- Weather and Climate
- Climates of the Eastern Hemisphere
- Natural Resources
Students will learn that
- 1. While weather is short term, climate is a region’s average weather over a long period. 2. The amount of sun at a given location is affected by Earth’s tilt, movement, and shape. 3. Wind and water move heat around Earth, affecting how warm or wet a place is. 4. Mountains influence temperature and precipitation.
- 1. Geographers use temperature, precipitation, and plant life to identify climate zones. 2. Tropical climates are wet and warm, while dry climates receive little or no rain. 3. Temperate climates have the most seasonal change. 4. Polar climates are cold and dry, while highland climates change with elevation.
- 1. Earth provides valuable resources for our use. 2. Energy resources provide fuel, heat, and electricity. 3. Mineral resources include metals, rocks, and salt. 4. Resources shape people’s lives and countries’ wealth.
- weather -climate -prevailing winds -ocean currents -front
- monsoon winds -savanna -steppe -permafrost
- natural resource -renewable resources -nonrenewable resources -reforestation -fossil fuels -hydroelectric
Topic 4: Early Civilizations in the Eastern Hemisphere
This topic focuses on the world’s first people from their origins in East Africa to the development of the world’s first civilization. It also focuses on the factors that influenced where and when civilization began.
Content
- The First People
- Early Human Migration
- Beginnings of Agriculture
The students will learn that
- 1. Scientists study the remains of early humans to learn about prehistory. 2. Hominids and early humans first appeared in East Africa millions of years ago. 3. Stone Age tools grew more complex as time passed. 4. Hunter-gatherer societies developed language, art, and religion.
- 1. People moved out of Africa as the earth’s climates changed. 2. People adapted to new environments by making clothing and new types of tools.
- 1. The first farmers learned to grow plants and raise animals in the Stone Age. 2. Farming changed societies and the way people lived.
- prehistory -hominid -ancestor -tool -Paleolithic Era -hunter-gatherers -society
- ice ages -migrate -land bridge -Mesolithic Era
- Neolithic Era -domestication -agriculture -megaliths
Unit 2: The Middle East
Topic 5: Physical Geography of the Middle East
This topic focuses on the Middle East which is also sometimes called Southwest Asia. The region is generally thought of as an arid desert, but some parts of the Middle East have much milder climates.
Content
- The Eastern Mediterranean
- The Arabian Peninsula, Iraq, and Iran
- Central Asia
Students will learn that
- 1. The Eastern Mediterranean’s physical features include the Bosporus, the Dead Sea, rivers, mountains, deserts, and plains. 2. The region’s climate is mostly dry with little vegetation. 3. Important natural resources in the Eastern Mediterranean include valuable minerals and the availability of water.
- 1. Major physical features of the Arabian Peninsula, Iraq, and Iran are desert plains and mountains. 2. The region has a dry climate and little vegetation. 3. Most of the world is dependent on oil, a resource that is exported from this region.
- 1. Key physical features of landlocked Central Asia include rugged mountains. 2. Central Asia has a harsh, dry climate that makes it difficult for vegetation to grow. 3. Key natural resources in Central Asia include water, oil and gas, and minerals.
- Dardanelles -Bosporus -Jordan River -Dead Sea -Syrian Desert
- Arabian Peninsula -Persian Gulf -Tigris River -Euphrates River -oasis -wadis -fossil water
- landlocked -Pamirs -Fergana Valley -Aral Sea
Topic 6: Ancient Civilizations of the Middle East - Mesopotamia
This topic focuses on the world’s oldest civilizations. These civilizations developed in the region of Mesopotamia, part of a larger area known as the Fertile Crescent.
Content
- The Fertile Crescent
- The Rise of Sumer
- Sumerian Achievements
- Later People of the Fertile Crescent
Students will learn that
- 1. The rivers of Southwest Asia supported the growth of civilization. 2. New farming techniques led to the growth of cities.
- 1. The Sumerians created the world’s first advanced society. 2. Religion played a major role in Sumerian society.
- 1. The Sumerians invented the world’s first writing system. 2. Advances and inventions changed Sumerian lives. 3. Many types of art developed in Sumer.
- 1. The Babylonians conquered Mesopotamia and created a code of law. 2. Invasions of Mesopotamia changed the region’s culture. 3. The Phoenicians built a trading society in the eastern Mediterranean region.
- Fertile Crescent -silt -irrigation -canals -surplus -division of labor
- Sumer -city-state -empire -polytheism -priests -social hierarchy
- cuneiform -pictographs -scribe -epics -architecture -ziggurat
- Babylon -Hammurabi’s Code -chariot -alphabet
Topic 7: Religions of the Ancient Middle East – Judaism, Christianity, and Islam
This topic focuses on three major religions that developed in the Middle East; Judaism, Christianity, and Islam
Content
- Origins of Judaism
- Origins of Christianity
- Origins of Islam
- Islamic Beliefs and Practices
- Cultural Achievements
Students will learn that
- 1. The Hebrews’ early history began in Canaan and ended when the Romans forced them out of Israel. 2. Jewish beliefs in God, justice, and law anchor their society. 3. Jewish sacred texts describe the laws and principles of Judaism. 4. Traditions and holy days celebrate the history and religion of the Jewish people.
- 1. The life and death of Jesus of Nazareth inspired a new religion called Christianity. 2. Christians believe that Jesus’s acts and teachings focused on love and salvation. 3. Jesus’s followers taught others about Jesus’s life and teachings. 4. Christianity spread throughout the Roman Empire by 400.
- 1. Arabia is a mostly a desert land, where two ways of life, nomadic and sedentary, developed. 2. A new religion called Islam, founded by the prophet Muhammad, spread throughout Arabia in the 600s.
- 1. The Qur’an guides Muslims’ lives. 2. The Sunnah tells Muslims of important duties expected of them. 3. Islamic law is based on the Qur’an and the Sunnah.
- 1. Jewish, Christian, and Muslim scholars made lasting contributions to the fields of science and philosophy. 2. Jews, Christians, and Muslims all made great contributions to the visual and literary arts.
- Judaism -Canaan -Exodus -monotheism -Torah -rabbis
- Messiah -Christianity -Bible -Bethlehem -Resurrection -disciples -saint
- Mecca -Islam -Muslim -Qur’an -Medina -mosque
- jihad -Sunnah -Five Pillars of Islam
- alchemy -synagogue -cathedral -minaret -calligraphy
Topic 8: Growth and Development of the Middle East
This topic focuses on the Middle East, which is a land of contrasts. It is a region shaped both by ancient traditions and modern economics. Throughout the centuries, various forces have influenced life in the region.
Content
- Muslim Empires
- Development of the Modern Middle East
- History and Culture of Central Asia
Students will learn that
- 1. Muslim armies conquered many lands into which Islam slowly spread. 2. Trade helped Islam spread into new areas. 3. Muslim empires controlled much of Europe, Asia, and Africa from the 1400s to the 1800s.
- 1. New governments in the Middle East after World War I brought about sweeping political changes. 2. Conflict has challenged many countries in the Middle East. 3. The oil industry has been a major influence in the region.
- 1. Throughout history, many different groups have conquered Central Asia. 2. Many different ethnic groups and their traditions influence culture in Central Asia.
- caliph -tolerance -Baghdad -Córdoba -janissaries -Istanbul -harem -Esfehan
- shah -embargo -Taliban -OPEC
- Samarqand -nomads -yurt
Unit 3: Africa
Topic 9: Physical Geography of Africa
This topic focuses on Africa, one of the largest continent and one of the most diverse. Its landscapes range from harsh deserts in the north and south to lush tropical rain forests near the equator.
Content
- North Africa
- West Africa
- East Africa
- Central Africa
- Southern Africa
Students will learn that
- 1. Major physical features of North Africa include the Nile River, the Sahara, and the Atlas Mountains. 2. The climate of North Africa is hot and dry, and water is the region’s most important resource.
- 1. West Africa’s key physical features include plains and the Niger River. 2. West Africa has distinct climate and vegetation zones that go from arid in the north to tropical in the south. 3. West Africa has good agricultural and mineral resources that may one day help the economies in the region.
- 1. East Africa’s physical features range from rift valleys to plains. 2. East Africa’s climate is influenced by its location and elevation, and the region’s vegetation includes savannas and forests.
- 1. Central Africa’s major physical features include the Congo Basin and plateaus surrounding the basin. 2. Central Africa has a humid tropical climate and dense forest vegetation. 3. Central Africa’s resources include forest products and valuable minerals such as diamonds and copper.
- 1. Southern Africa’s main physical feature is a large plateau with plains, rivers, and mountains. 2. The climate and vegetation of Southern Africa is mostly savanna and desert. 3. Southern Africa has valuable mineral resources.
- Sahara -Nile River - silt - Suez Canal - oasis -Atlas Mountains
- Niger River -zonal -Sahel - desertification - savanna
- rift valley - Great Rift - Mount Kilimanjaro - Serengeti Plain - Lake Victoria - drought
- Congo Basin - basin - Congo River - Zambezi River - periodic market - copper belt area
- escarpment - veld - Namib Desert - pans
Topic 10: Ancient Civilizations of Africa - Egypt
This topic focuses on the fascinating civilization of ancient Egypt and how it developed along the Nile river.
Content
- Early Egypt
- The Old Kingdom
- The Middle and New Kingdoms
- Egyptian Achievements
Students will learn that
- 1. Egypt was called the gift of the Nile because the Nile River was so important. 2. Civilization developed after people began farming along the Nile River. 3. Strong kings unified all of ancient Egypt.
- 1. Life in the Old Kingdom was influenced by pharaohs, roles in society, and trade. 2. Religion shaped Egyptian life. 3. The pyramids were built as tombs for Egypt’s pharaohs.
- 1. The Middle Kingdom was a period of stable government between periods of disorder. 2. The New Kingdom was the peak of Egyptian trade and military power, but its greatness did not last. 3. Work and daily life differed among Egypt’s social classes.
- 1. Egyptian writing used symbols called hieroglyphics. 2. Egypt’s great temples were lavishly decorated. 3. Egyptian art filled tombs.
- Nile River - Upper Egypt - Lower Egypt - cataracts - delta - pharaoh -dynasty
- Old Kingdom - nobles - afterlife life - mummies - elite - pyramids -engineering
- Middle Kingdom - New Kingdom - Kush - trade routes
- hieroglyphics - papyrus - Rosetta Stone - sphinxes - obelisk
Topic 11: Ancient Civilizations of Africa – Trading Kingdoms
This topic focuses on several early African civilizations that grew rich from trade including Kush and the trading empires of West Africa.
Content
- Ancient Kush
- Later Kush
- Empire of Ghana
- Mali and Songhai
- Historical and Artistic Traditions of West Africa
Students will learn that
- 1. Geography helped early Kush civilization develop in Nubia. 2. Egypt controlled Kush for about 450 years. 3. After winning its independence, Kush ruled Egypt and set up a new dynasty there.
- 1. Kush’s economy grew because of its iron industry and trade network. 2. Some elements of Kushite society and culture were borrowed from other cultures while others were unique to Kush. 3. The decline and defeat of Kush was caused by both internal and external factors.
- 1. Ghana controlled trade and became wealthy. 2. Through its control of trade, Ghana built an empire. 3. Attacking invaders, overgrazing, and the loss of trade caused Ghana’s decline.
- 1. The empire of Mali reached its height under the ruler Mansa Musa, but the empire fell to invaders in the 1400s. 2. The Songhai built a new Islamic empire in West Africa, conquering many of the lands that were once part of Mali.
- 1. West Africans have preserved their history through storytelling and the written accounts of visitors. 2. Through art, music, and dance, West Africans have expressed their creativity and kept alive their cultural traditions.
- Nubia -ebony -ivory
- Meroë -trade network -merchants -exports -imports
- silent barter
- Niger River -Timbuktu -mosque -Gao - Djenné
- oral history -griots -proverbs - kente
Topic 12: Growth and Development of Africa
This topic focuses on many influences that have shaped African culture. Both traditional cultures and outside forces have played roles in creating modern Africa.
Content
- Contact with Other Cultures
- European Colonization
- Imperialism in Africa
- Revolution and Freedom
- Africa Since Independence
Students will learn that
- 1. Christianity arrived in North Africa by the 300s and became a major influence. 2. Trade and military conquest led to the spread of Islam through Africa.
- 1. Europeans arrived in Africa in search of valuable trade goods. 2. The slave trade had terrible effects in Africa. 3. Many European countries established colonies in Africa.
- 1. The search for raw materials led to a new wave of European involvement in Africa. 2. The Scramble for Africa was a race by Europeans to form colonies there. 3. Some Africans resisted rule by Europeans.
- 1. Unhappiness with European rule led to a call for independence in Africa. 2. British colonies were some of the first to become free. 3. French colonies followed two paths to independence. 4. Belgian and Portuguese colonies had to fight for their freedom.
- 1. People in South Africa faced social struggles related to racial equality. 2. Many African countries saw political challenges after they became independent. 3. The economy and the environment affect life in Africa.
- Aksum -Ethiopia -Coptic Christianity -Djenné -Swahili
- Middle Passage -Gold Coast
- entrepreneurs -imperialism -Suez Canal -Berlin Conference -Boers
- Ghana -Kenya -Mau Mau -Belgian Congo
- apartheid -townships -sanctions -Darfur -Lagos -Kinshasa
Unit 4:South and East Asia
Topic 13: Physical Geography of South and East Asia
This topic focuses on South and East Asia, which contain both the world’s highest mountains, and of some of its often-flooded rivers. The diversity of the land shapes how people live in the region.
Content
- The Indian Sub-Continent
- China, Mongolia, and Taiwan
- Japan and the Koreas
- South East Asia
Students will learn that
- 1. Towering mountains, large rivers, and broad plains are the key physical features of the Indian Subcontinent. 2. The Indian Subcontinent has a great variety of climate regions and resources.
- 1. Physical features of China, Mongolia, and Taiwan include mountains, plateaus and basins, plains, and rivers. 2. China, Mongolia, and Taiwan have a range of climates and natural resources.
- 1. The main physical features of Japan and the Koreas are rugged mountains. 2. The climates and resources of Japan and the Koreas vary from north to south.
- 1. Southeast Asia’s physical features include peninsulas, islands, rivers, and many seas, straits, and gulfs. 2. The tropical climate of Southeast Asia supports a wide range of plants and animals. 3. Southeast Asia is rich in natural resources such as wood, rubber, and fossil fuels.
- subcontinent -Mount Everest -Ganges River -delta -Indus River -monsoons
- Himalayas -Plateau of Tibet -Gobi -North China Plain -Huang He -loess -Chang Jiang
- Fuji -Korean Peninsula -tsunamis -fishery
- Indochina Peninsula -Malay Peninsula -Malay Archipelago -archipelago -New Guinea -Borneo -Mekong River
Topic 14: Ancient Civilizations of Asia - India
This topic focuses on the ancient civilization of India, the birthplace of two major world religions – Hinduism and Buddhism. It also focuses on the early civilizations and powerful empires that developed in India.
Content
- Early Indian Civilizations
- Origins of Hinduism
- Origins of Buddhism
- Indian Empires
- Indian Achievements
Students will learn that
- 1. Located on the Indus River, the Harappan civilization also had contact with people far from India. 2. Harappan achievements included a writing system, city planning, and art. 3. The Aryan invasion changed India’s civilization.
- 1. Indian society divided into distinct groups. 2. The Aryans formed a religion known as Brahmanism. 3. Hinduism developed out of Brahmanism and influences from other cultures. 4. The Jains reacted to Hinduism by breaking away
- 1. Siddhartha Gautama searched for wisdom in many ways. 2. The teachings of Buddhism deal with finding peace. 3. Buddhism spread far from where it began in India.
- 1. The Mauryan Empire unified most of India. 2. Gupta rulers promoted Hinduism in their empire.
- 1. Indian artists created great works of religious art. 2. Sanskrit literature flourished during the Gupta period. 3. The Indians made scientific advances in metalworking, medicine, and other sciences
- Indus River -Harappa -Mohenjo Daro -Sanskrit
- caste system -reincarnation -karma -nonviolence
- fasting -meditation -nirvana -missionaries
- mercenaries -edicts
- metallurgy -alloys -Hindu-Arabic numerals -inoculation -astronomy
Topic 15: Ancient Civilizations of Asia - China
This topic focuses on the history and culture of ancient China. China was one of the world’s early centers of civilization. It also focuses on the powerful dynasties that arose to rule China and reshape Chinese culture.
Content
- Early China
- The Han Dynasty
- The Sui, Tang, and Song Dynasties
- Confucianism and Government
- The Yuan and Ming Dynasties
Students will learn that
- 1. Chinese civilization began along two rivers. 2. The Shang dynasty was the first known dynasty to rule China. 3. The Zhou and Qin dynasties changed Chinese society and made great advances.
- 1. Han dynasty government was largely based on the ideas of Confucius. 2. Han China supported and strengthened family life. 3. The Han made many achievements in art, literature, and learning.
- 1. After the Han dynasty, China fell into disorder but was reunified by new dynasties. 2. Cities and trade grew during the Tang and Song dynasties. 3. The Tang and Song dynasties produced fine arts and inventions.
- 1. Confucianism, based on Confucius’s teachings about proper behavior, dramatically influenced the Song system of government. 2. Scholar-officials ran China’s government during the Song dynasty.
- 1. The Mongol Empire included China, and the Mongols ruled China as the Yuan dynasty. 2. The Ming dynasty was a time of stability and prosperity. 3. The Ming brought great changes in government and relations with other countries.
- Chang Jiang -Huang He -mandate of heaven -Xi’an -Great Wall
- sundial -seismograph -acupuncture
- Grand Canal -Kaifeng -porcelain a thin, beautiful pottery invented by the Chinese -woodblock printing -gunpowder -compass
- bureaucracy -civil service -scholar-official
- Beijing -Forbidden City -isolationism
Topic 16: Growth and Development of South and East Asia
This topic focuses on Asia, home to ancient civilizations and empires that underwent many changes after the late 1800s. The arrival of Europeans and internal political struggles had major effects on the region.
Content
- Contact Across Cultures
- Interaction with the West
- New Political Movements
- Asia at War
- New Asia
Students will learn that
- 1. Chinese culture had a powerful influence on many Asian civilizations. 2. India was a major influence on culture in South Asia. 3. A new religion called Sikhism developed in India in the late 1400s.
- 1. The British made India into a colony in the 1700s and 1800s. 2. European countries used force to make China open its ports to trade. 3. Led by the United States, the West began to trade in Japan.
- 1. The call for Indian independence was accompanied by nonviolent protests. 2. The early 1900s saw the end of China’s imperial period and the beginning of Communism in the country. 3. Changes in Japan’s government led to the formation of a new empire.
- 1. Japan’s aggression in Asia upset many countries. 2. During World War II, Japan fought for control of the Pacific. 3. The Korean and Vietnam wars were fought to stop the spread of Communism.
- 1. Many Asian countries have found economic success since World War II. 2. Political shifts in Asia have led to new governments in many countries. 3. Many Asian cultures blend old and new ideas.
- cultural diffusion -Angkor -Sikhism
- British East India Company -Raj -Guangzhou -spheres of influence -Boxer Rebellion
- nonviolence -civil disobedience -partition -Diet
- Manchuria -Nanking -Pearl Harbor -island hopping -Hiroshima -domino theory -Kashmir
- trade -tariff -constitutional monarchy -Tiananmen Square -human rights
Unit 5: Europe
Topic 17: Physical Geography of Europe
This topic focuses on Europe, one of the smallest continents that is nonetheless home to a wide variety of landforms, water features and climates.
Content
- Southern Europe
- West-Central Europe
- Northern Europe
- Eastern Europe
- Russia and the Caucasus
Students will learn that
- 1. Southern Europe’s physical features include rugged mountains and narrow coastal plains. 2. The region’s climate and resources support such industries as agriculture, fishing, and tourism.
- 1. The physical features of West-Central Europe include plains, uplands, mountains, rivers, and seas. 2. West-Central Europe’s mild climate and resources support agriculture, energy production, and tourism.
- 1. The physical features of Northern Europe include low mountain ranges and jagged coastlines. 2. Northern Europe’s natural resources include energy sources, soils, and seas. 3. The climates of Northern Europe range from a mild coastal climate to a freezing ice cap climate.
- 1. The physical features of Eastern Europe include wide open plains, rugged mountain ranges, and many rivers. 2. The climate and vegetation of Eastern Europe differ widely in the north and the south.
- 1. The physical features of Russia and the Caucasus include plains, mountains, and rivers. 2. Climate and plant life change from north to south in Russia and vary in the Caucasus. 3. Russia and the Caucasus have a wealth of resources, but many are hard to access.
- Mediterranean Sea -Pyrenees -Apennines -Alps -Mediterranean climate
- Northern European Plain -North Sea -English Channel -Danube River -Rhine River -navigable river
- British Isles -Scandinavia -fjord -geothermal energy -North Atlantic Drift
- Carpathians -Balkan Peninsula -Danube -Chernobyl
- Ural Mountains -Caspian Sea -Caucasus Mountains -Moscow Russia’s capital -Siberia -Volga River -taiga
Topic 18: Ancient Civilizations of Europe
This topic focuses on two major periods in the early history of Europe; ancient Greece, a culture whose ideas still shape the world and Rome, one of the most powerful civilizations in the world history.
Content
- Ancient Greece
- The Roman World
Students will learn that
- 1. Early Greek culture saw the rise of the city-state and the creation of colonies. 2. The Golden Age of Greece saw advances in government, art, and philosophy. 3. Alexander the Great formed a huge empire and spread Greek culture into new areas.
- 1. The Roman Republic was governed by elected leaders. 2. The Roman Empire was a time of great achievements. 3. The spread of Christianity began during the empire. 4. Various factors helped bring about the decline of Rome.
- city-states -golden age -Athens -Sparta -Hellenistic
- Rome -republic -Senate -citizens -Carthage -empire -aqueducts
Topic 19: Growth and Development of Europe
This topicfocuses on European history since the fall of Rome. During this period new ideas and innovations changed life and expanded knowledge across Europe.
Content
- The Middle Ages
- The Renaissance and Reformation
- Political Change in Europe
- The Industrial Revolution
- World War I
- World War II
- Europe Since 1945
Students will learn that
- 1. The Christian church influenced nearly every aspect of society in the Middle Ages. 2. Complicated political and economic systems governed life in the Middle Ages. 3. The period after 1000 was a time of great changes in medieval society.
- 1. The Renaissance was a period of new learning, new ideas, and new advances in art, literature, and science. 2. The Reformation changed the religious map of Europe.
- 1. During the Enlightenment, new ideas about government took hold in Europe. 2. The 1600s and 1700s were an Age of Revolution in Europe. 3. Napoleon Bonaparte conquered much of Europe after the French Revolution.
- 1. Britain’s large labor force, raw materials, and money to invest led to the start of the Industrial Revolution. 2. Industrial growth began in Great Britain and then spread to other parts of Europe. 3. The Industrial Revolution led to both positive and negative changes in society.
- 1. Rivalries in Europe led to the outbreak of World War I. 2. After a long, devastating war, the Allies claimed victory. 3. The war’s end brought great political and territorial changes to Europe.
- 1. Economic and political problems troubled Europe in the years after World War I. 2. World War II broke out when Germany invaded Poland. 3. Nazi Germany targeted the Jews during the Holocaust. 4. Allied victories in Europe and Japan brought the end of World War II.
- 1. The Cold War divided Europe between democratic and Communist nations. 2. Many Eastern European countries changed boundaries and forms of government at the end of the Cold War. 3. European cooperation has brought economic and political change to Europe.
- Middle Ages -pope -Crusade a religious war -Holy Land -Gothic architecture -feudal system -manor -nation-state
- Renaissance -Florence -Venice Italian city that became rich through trade during and after the Crusades -humanism -Reformation -Protestants -Catholic Reformation
- Enlightenment -English Bill of Rights -Declaration of Independence -Declaration of the Rights -Reign of Terror
- Industrial Revolution -textiles -capitalism -suffragettes
- nationalism -alliance -trench warfare -Treaty of Versailles -communism
- Great Depression -dictator -Axis Powers -Allies -Holocaust
- superpowers -Cold War -arms race -common market -European Union